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Which parts are suitable for precision machining?

2024-11-22

Precision machining requires high accuracy. Precision machining has good rigidity, high manufacturing precision, and accurate tool positioning, making it suitable for processing parts with high precision requirements. So, which parts are suitable for precision machining?

Compared to ordinary lathes, CNC lathes have the function of constant linear speed cutting. Whether turning the end face or outer circle of different diameters, they can be processed at the same linear speed, ensuring consistent and relatively small surface roughness values. The speed of ordinary lathes is constant, and the cutting speed varies for different diameters. When the materials of the workpiece and tool, finishing allowance, and tool angles are fixed, the surface roughness depends on the cutting speed and feed speed.

When processing surfaces with different surface roughness, it is difficult to use a smaller feed speed for surfaces with low roughness, and it is difficult to use a larger feed speed for surfaces with high roughness, which has good variability. Complex-shaped parts can approximate any planar curve with straight lines or arcs. Precision machining has arc interpolation capabilities, allowing for the processing of various complex profile parts. The use of precision machining requires careful operation by the personnel.

Precision turning and boring: Most precision lightweight alloy (such as aluminum or magnesium alloys) aircraft parts are processed using this method. Generally, natural single crystal diamond tools are used, with a cutting edge radius of less than 0.1 microns. Processing on high-precision lathes can achieve a precision of 1 micron and an average height difference of less than 0.2 microns, with coordinate precision reaching 2 microns.

Precision milling: Used for processing complex-shaped aluminum or beryllium alloy structural parts. Relying on the precision of the machine tool guide rails and spindle, precision machining can achieve higher mutual positional accuracy. A precise mirror finish can be obtained through high-speed milling and carefully polished diamond tool tips.

Precision grinding: Used for processing shaft or hole parts. These parts are mostly made of high-hardness hardened steel. Most high-precision grinding machine spindles use static hydraulic or fluid dynamic bearings to ensure high stability. The ultimate precision of grinding is influenced not only by the rigidity of the machine tool spindle and bed but also by factors such as the selection and balance of the grinding wheel and the processing accuracy of the workpiece center hole. Precision machining grinding can achieve a dimensional accuracy of 1 micron and a roundness of 0.5 microns.

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